{"id":1610,"date":"2021-06-17T14:06:01","date_gmt":"2021-06-17T17:06:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ige.unicamp.br\/pedologia\/?p=1610"},"modified":"2021-06-17T14:30:21","modified_gmt":"2021-06-17T17:30:21","slug":"de-santos-a-pisa-e-puro-recalque","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ige.unicamp.br\/pedologia\/2021\/06\/17\/de-santos-a-pisa-e-puro-recalque\/","title":{"rendered":"De Santos a Pisa &#8211; \u00c9 Puro Recalque"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>por Tain\u00e1 N. de Almeida<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Os solos exercem diversas fun\u00e7\u00f5es, dentre elas, serve como base para estabelecimento da infraestrutura humana, e por isso, compreender o comportamento dos solos \u00e9 fundamental para garantir nossa seguran\u00e7a e bem estar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\" \/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-drop-cap wp-block-paragraph\">Santos \u00e9 uma cidade costeira localizada no estado de S\u00e3o Paulo, a maior cidade do litoral paulista, cuja popula\u00e7\u00e3o estimada \u00e9 de 433.656 habitantes. Conhecida pela extensa faixa de areia (s\u00e3o 7 km de praia) e por alocar um dos principais portos do pa\u00eds, o munic\u00edpio tamb\u00e9m ficou famoso pelos &#8216;<strong>pr\u00e9dio tortos<\/strong>&#8216; ao longo de sua orla.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Por volta de 1940, com a expans\u00e3o da cidade, a orla de Santos come\u00e7ou a ser rapidamente ocupada por edif\u00edcios entre 10 e 20 andares. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A partir dos anos 1970, os pr\u00e9dios come\u00e7aram a afundar. O <strong><em>recalque\u00b9<\/em><\/strong> dos pr\u00e9dios atingiu at\u00e9 120 cm e inclina\u00e7\u00f5es de at\u00e9 2\u00b0, totalizando 65 pr\u00e9dios com estrutura comprometida. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p><strong>\u00b9Recalque (ou abatimento) &#8211; Movimento vertical de uma estrutura, provocado pelo pr\u00f3prio peso ou devido \u00e0 deforma\u00e7\u00e3o do subsolo por outro agente, tal como remo\u00e7\u00e3o do confinamento lateral, efeito de bombeamento de \u00e1gua e efeito do rebaixamento generalizado do len\u00e7ol fre\u00e1tico. (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.iat.pr.gov.br\/Pagina\/Glossario-Geologico\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\" class=\"underline\">Gloss\u00e1rio Geol\u00f3gico<\/span><\/a>)<\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:1px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"567\" height=\"277\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ige.unicamp.br\/pedologia\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/41\/2021\/06\/image-2.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1611\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ige.unicamp.br\/pedologia\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/41\/2021\/06\/image-2.png 567w, https:\/\/www.ige.unicamp.br\/pedologia\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/41\/2021\/06\/image-2-300x147.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 567px) 100vw, 567px\" \/><figcaption><sub>Imagem: Pr\u00e9dios inclinados devido ao deforma\u00e7\u00e3o do subsolo na orla de Santos-SP<\/sub><br><sub>Reprodu\u00e7\u00e3o Danilo Verpa &#8211; 4.jun.12\/Folhapress<\/sub><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\"font-size:23px\">As causas? &#8211; Dois fatores combinados!<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Os solos. O solo de santos \u00e9 formado por uma camada de areia fina compacta, de 6 a 20 m de espessura. Logo abaixo, encontra-se uma camada de argila muito mole de at\u00e9 40 m de espessura. As argilas muito moles t\u00eam alta compressibilidade e, por isso, as constru\u00e7\u00f5es sobre esses solos precisam de muita aten\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:1px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>As funda\u00e7\u00f5es dos edif\u00edcios. Os edif\u00edcios constru\u00eddos na \u00e9poca <em>t\u00eam <strong>funda\u00e7\u00f5es diretas com sapatas<\/strong><\/em><strong>\u00b2<\/strong>. Como a camada superficial de areia \u00e9 compacta, acreditava-se que uma funda\u00e7\u00e3o rasa seria suficiente. Com o tempo, percebeu-se que, devido ao solo mole abaixo da areia, os edif\u00edcios tinham grandes chances de sofrer recalque. Mesmo assim, as construtoras continuaram usando o mesmo tipo de funda\u00e7\u00e3o por julgarem as demais op\u00e7\u00f5es economicamente invi\u00e1veis.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p><strong>\u00b2Sapata &#8211; Tipo de funda\u00e7\u00e3o rasa de uma constru\u00e7\u00e3o, constitu\u00edda por um maci\u00e7o de alvenaria ou concreto armado. (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.iat.pr.gov.br\/Pagina\/Glossario-Geologico\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\" class=\"underline\">Gloss\u00e1rio Geol\u00f3gico<\/span><\/a>)<\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:1px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"560\" height=\"631\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ige.unicamp.br\/pedologia\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/41\/2021\/06\/image-4.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1613\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ige.unicamp.br\/pedologia\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/41\/2021\/06\/image-4.png 560w, https:\/\/www.ige.unicamp.br\/pedologia\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/41\/2021\/06\/image-4-266x300.png 266w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 560px) 100vw, 560px\" \/><figcaption><sub><a href=\"https:\/\/petciviluem.com\/2014\/08\/30\/predios-inclinados-de-santos\/amp\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\" class=\"underline\">Fonte: PET Engenharia<\/span><\/a><\/sub><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">O resultado foram os caracter\u00edsticos pr\u00e9dios tortos da orla de Santos. A grande quantidade de edif\u00edcios muito pr\u00f3ximos gerou altas tens\u00f5es na camada de argila, que adensou, afundando e inclinando os pr\u00e9dios.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A inclina\u00e7\u00e3o dos pr\u00e9dios se d\u00e1 pela sobreposi\u00e7\u00e3o dos bulbos de tens\u00e3o (\u00e1rea de influencia da press\u00e3o do edif\u00edcio sobre o solo) dos pr\u00e9dios. Os pr\u00e9dio inclinam para o lado em que o solo concentra maior tens\u00e3o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"276\" height=\"278\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ige.unicamp.br\/pedologia\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/41\/2021\/06\/image-5.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1614\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ige.unicamp.br\/pedologia\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/41\/2021\/06\/image-5.png 276w, https:\/\/www.ige.unicamp.br\/pedologia\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/41\/2021\/06\/image-5-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 276px) 100vw, 276px\" \/><figcaption><sub>Fonte: Milititsky; Consoli; Schnaid (2015)<\/sub><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Diversas t\u00e9cnicas foram usadas para estabilizar o recalque dos pr\u00e9dios, como inje\u00e7\u00f5es de argamassa para expandir o solo ou uso de estacas profundas que ultrapassam a camada de argila. O caso dos pr\u00e9dios de Santos deixa o alerta de como \u00e9 extremamente importante conhecermos os solos sobre os quais vivemos e, no caso, constru\u00edmos. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:1px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:22px\"><strong>Sabia que esse \u00e9 o mesmo caso da Torre de Pisa? <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A&nbsp; torre, constru\u00edda entre 1173 e 1372, foi erguida&nbsp; sobre uma camada de areia que sobrep\u00f5e uma camada muito argilosa. A inclina\u00e7\u00e3o foi observada durante seus 199 anos de constru\u00e7\u00e3o e, na tentativa de compensar a inclina\u00e7\u00e3o, seus \u00faltimos andares foram feitos mais altos de um lado.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"567\" height=\"453\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ige.unicamp.br\/pedologia\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/41\/2021\/06\/image-6.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1615\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ige.unicamp.br\/pedologia\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/41\/2021\/06\/image-6.png 567w, https:\/\/www.ige.unicamp.br\/pedologia\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/41\/2021\/06\/image-6-300x240.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 567px) 100vw, 567px\" \/><figcaption>Imagem: Reprodu\u00e7\u00e3o Ray Harrington\/Unsplash<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\" \/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Fontes consultadas:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">DIAS, M. S. An\u00e1lise do Comportamento de Edif\u00edcios Apoiados em Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Direta no Bairro da Ponta da Praia na Cidade de Santos. p. 145, 2010. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cimentoitambe.com.br\/massa-cinzenta\/predios-tortos-de-santos-como-eles-estao-hoje\/\">https:\/\/www.cimentoitambe.com.br\/massa-cinzenta\/predios-tortos-de-santos-como-eles-estao-hoje\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">LEIT\u00c3O DIAS, L. K.; TELES ANDRADE, A. C. O.; DANTAS, E. S.; ARA\u00daJO, M. E. P.; SILVA, M. de J. Geotecnia: funda\u00e7\u00f5es e obras de terra.&nbsp;<strong>Caderno de Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o &#8211; Ci\u00eancias Exatas e Tecnol\u00f3gicas &#8211; UNIT &#8211; SERGIPE<\/strong>,&nbsp;<em>[S. l.]<\/em>, v. 1, n. 2, p. 27\u201343, 2013. Dispon\u00edvel em: <a href=\"https:\/\/periodicos.set.edu.br\/cadernoexatas\/article\/view\/315\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/periodicos.set.edu.br\/cadernoexatas\/article\/view\/315<\/a>. Acesso em: 14 jun. 2021.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">MILITITSKY, J.: CONSOLI, C.; SCHNAID, F.&nbsp;<strong>Patologia das funda\u00e7\u00f5es<\/strong>. S\u00e3o Paulo: Oficina de Textos, 2015. Dispon\u00edvel em: &lt;<a href=\"http:\/\/ofitexto.arquivos.s3.amazonaws.com\/Patologia-das-fundacoes-2ed-DEG.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">http:\/\/ofitexto.arquivos.s3.amazonaws.com\/Patologia-das-fundacoes-2ed-DEG.pdf<\/a>&gt;. Acesso em: 14 jun. 2021.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\" \/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Texto escrito por&nbsp;<strong>Tain\u00e1 Nogueira de Almeida<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Edi\u00e7\u00e3o:&nbsp;<strong>Diego F.T. Machado<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Fotografia da Capa: Reprodu\u00e7\u00e3o https:\/\/www.maissantos.com.br\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\" \/>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Os solos exercem diversas fun\u00e7\u00f5es, dentre elas, serve como base para estabelecimento da infraestrutura humana, e por isso, compreender o comportamento dos solos \u00e9 fundamental para garantir nossa seguran\u00e7a e bem estar.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":127,"featured_media":1620,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[27,24,26,25],"class_list":["post-1610","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-post","tag-abatimento","tag-mecanica-de-solos","tag-recalque","tag-santos","post-with-thumbnail","post-with-thumbnail-large"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>De Santos a Pisa - \u00c9 Puro Recalque - LABPED<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Os solos exercem diversas fun\u00e7\u00f5es, dentre elas, serve como base para estabelecimento da infraestrutura humana, e por isso, compreender o comportamento dos solos \u00e9 fundamental para garantir nossa seguran\u00e7a e bem estar.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ige.unicamp.br\/pedologia\/2021\/06\/17\/de-santos-a-pisa-e-puro-recalque\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_BR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"De Santos a Pisa - \u00c9 Puro Recalque - LABPED\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Os solos exercem diversas fun\u00e7\u00f5es, dentre elas, serve como base para estabelecimento da infraestrutura humana, e por isso, compreender o comportamento dos solos \u00e9 fundamental para garantir nossa seguran\u00e7a e bem estar.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.ige.unicamp.br\/pedologia\/2021\/06\/17\/de-santos-a-pisa-e-puro-recalque\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"LABPED\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2021-06-17T17:06:01+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2021-06-17T17:30:21+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.ige.unicamp.br\/pedologia\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/41\/2021\/06\/LABPED-UNICAMP-1-1024x576.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1024\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"576\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"labped\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Escrito por\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"labped\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. tempo de leitura\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutos\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ige.unicamp.br\\\/pedologia\\\/2021\\\/06\\\/17\\\/de-santos-a-pisa-e-puro-recalque\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ige.unicamp.br\\\/pedologia\\\/2021\\\/06\\\/17\\\/de-santos-a-pisa-e-puro-recalque\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"labped\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ige.unicamp.br\\\/pedologia\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/b127116434988e6ca2ab0accbf07706d\"},\"headline\":\"De Santos a Pisa &#8211; 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